proradio

Revox A76. An Audiophile Fm Tuner
Revox A76. An Audiophile ANALOGUE Fm Tuner

A Legend "Orban Optimod 8100A1/Xt2"

Talking About Music NOT Sinewaves

The above photo shows my working Optimod 8100A1/XT2 within its nominal gain reduction.
The VU hit 80% due the installed AFC (Fm Filter) Card # 0. The XT2 is modified back to first
Original XT version (a really 6 band processing) which split the band #5 from #6 and added
A coupling scheme between band #5 and #6. This mod gives a more open HF presence.

Garbage IN ..... MORE .... Garbage OUT
Remember, successful audio processing results all starts at the source.
If you cannot listen to your station all day without irritations, there's work to be done.
Robert Orban

Processing is a Sophisticated & Intelligent ART.
Processing units designed just to raise the detail & warmth of music.
They are NOT loudness weapons to KILL the sound of music.

Management need to realize a few facts of life to achieve a sound that is the best compromise between what they want and their listeners want. The main one is YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE THE LOUDEST THING ON THE DIAL TO GET THE BIGGEST AUDIENCE. People don't listen to a station because it's loud; they listen because they like the content:-) Research in the USA has demonstrated stations that process the living crap out of their programming have very low listening hours. Interestingly many of these stations "back off" the processing during survey periods to try to get their hours up a bit.

Robin Simpkins Sound Engineer. BBC

Dynamic processing of US radio audio is like a McDonald's Big Mac? Ubiquitous, but not necessarily healthy.

Ty Ford

Don't forget that Robert Orban developed the Optimod in part because he was dissatisfied with the ways that broadcasters were attempting to prevent overmodulation. To my understanding, it was his hope that broadcasters would use his clever techniques to control peaks, and thus increase average level, _without __using excessive processing.
Unfortunately, broadcasters took advantage of his peak limiting to couple with aggressive processing, and thus achieve greater loudness. Too bad...

A.J. Bautista

It is clear to anyone literate in producing clean audio that it is getting harder to find. Far too many of the current CDs are already smashed, crunched, and clipped before they get to you. But then they enter the typical broadcast audio chain where stacked compression algorithms are digital audio’s worst enemy.

Jeff Schroeder

I was young and naive in those days (ca. 1974) and actually thought that Optimod-FM 8000A would bring "unprocessed" sound back to the FM band This was true for approximately 6 months, until the first engineers started Putting Dorrough DAPs ahead of 8000's to get more loudness. It was a Learning experience: I learned that if you give folks heavy artillery Some of them will use it to the maximum possible extent!

Bob Orban

Music means a complex sound with crescendos, low passages and pauses. If we alter or destroy that basically characteristics then we don’t talk about Music but for sine waves. Just tune an air monitor deviation meter on any of Current radio station without to listen the broadcasted audio / music, only look The needle of meter which is permanent stick at 100% - 75 kHz just like A sine wave does.

They are broadcasting only garbage NOT Hi Fi music.

Due the today’s aggressive processing FM Radio sound is more like AM. Stop that silly and useless Loudness WAR; there no one will be the winner. Only that you do is to throw away your valuable listeners; they can’t Accommodate with the distortion that you actually broadcast.

Stop using Hyper-compressed and severely clipped music material. Stop using 3 or 4 bands pre-processing units ahead of the on air processing. Stop the extreme & aggressive settings. Stop using composite clippers.

If your music audio source is only from today’s “damn” Hyper-Processed & Clipped CD’s, then the best to do is to "defeat" Phase Rotator from processing unit "all today digital box's can do that" and put it only on Mic audio channel. Bob Orban on manual of 8200 gives schematics & full details about.

Give us back the charm and quality in FM broadcasting as the Inventor of Frequency Modulation Major Edwin Howard Armstrong dreamed.

Just for the history Edwin Howard Armstrong is the father of FM radio and the Grandfather of radar and a great grandfather of space communication. The first Demonstration of FM Modulation Tx & Rx Invention done on Empire State Building NY in 1935 under a very unfriendly situation due the dominant of AM Medium. He never reaped the full reward of his genius. He was born on December 18, 1890 In New York City and died on February 1, 1954, alone and in disgrace.

Salute

Fon 261fm

I am very glad that together with ORBAN history my 261.gr
website listed on Wikipedia at references & external link. Thank U friends.
Bill Sacks RIP, Kim Sacks, Robert Orban, Greg Ogonowsky, Peter Lee, Marty Acuff

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orban_(audio_processing)#References

Audio Processing & History General Interest

E dwin Howard Armstrong
Inventor of FM

Legent Of Bill Putnum
UA Blog

Mike Dorrough
Inventor of Multibands

Jim Wood Inovonics

Processing Structures

Limiters & Clippers

Processing History By Robert Orban

Aphex Philoshophy

Processing History By Frank Foti

Vintage Radio Processing Museum

Want your on air sound to be clean and unigue? U must read the following
2003 Edition. By Robert Orban & Greg Ogonowski. Orban/CRL

Intro

System Considerations

Equipment Following Optimod

Geting the desired on air sound
By Marty Acuff

BBy Greg Ogonowsky

Learn on, trough “patented” brilliant ideas of Bob Orban

In Memory of Jim Somich

The "Absolute" Processing History with a touch of
"Prophecy" by an Excellent Engineer with “Vision”

You are involved on Production and Radio Audio Processing?
Or U is just a music lover? Then U must reed the following.

"Turn Me UP" Bringing Dynamics Back To Music

A non-profit music organization campaigning to give artists back the
choice to release more dynamic records, also aware listeners to demands
undistorted music products.

All the truth about "Hyper Compressed CD's" and how to STOP it.

How bad sound a WAV Audio File after multiply MP3 Conversions?
Read why the Quality of sound is suffering on Radio?

Why Nowdays CD's Sound Distorted When It's Played On The Radio?
2001 Edition. By Robert Orban Orban/CRL & Frank Foti Omnia Audio

When stations cannot produce product they try fancy technical Equipment.

News and General Info

How To Give Your Station An Amazing On-Air Sound
Klick on Radio ILOVEIT

HD/IBOC Processing
By Robert Orban

Processing Articles
By Cornelius Gould

Strictly for Radio Engineers
By Radio-Guide

Ask / Read The Radio Experts
By radiodiscussions.com

Radio World

Audio Processing Technical Interest

Bob play hide-and-seek:) See the image and wait for awhile.

Optimod 8100A1 Inside

Servicing 8100A/1

Modsci Stereo Maxx MYB-2 Inside

Orban 222A Spatial Enhancer
Inside

Free Orban Meter
Get for Free a very usefully software which monitor the two-channel stereo inputs from your PC sound card and displays simultaneously instantaneous peaks, VU, PPM, CBS Technology Center loudness, and ITU BS.1770 loudness.
The VU and PPM meters are split to indicate the left and right channels, also displays the instantaneous peak values of the L and R digital samples.

Many thanks for the gift!! Bob :)
Regards XFon

Download Manuals From Orban Ftp

Tech White Papers (PDF)

All About Orban Optimod's Fm ®

Evolution of Flagship Optimod's

Optimod-8600
Optimod's evolution

Robert Orban 2

Tour at Orban's Factory

Optimod Photo Museum

Optimod On Air

History Lesson

8100A On Pavek Museum

Robert Orban

Orban Race

Celebrates

Fm Audio Processing Gear Dreamland !!
All Brands Are Trade Marks Registered To Their Owners

Just Everything About Fm Audio Processing Today In The Market.
Memorable Legend	About	/
	Orban Optimod 8100A1/XT2 Just A "Thrill" In The History Of Broadcast Audio Process Ever Made, A Reference. Analog Hi Sonic Perfomance Multiband process, 2 or 6 band with xt2, analog stereo coder. Overshoot Compensated Lowpass Filters.	As This excellent unit Pass in the History May find Used only on Internet.
The Attack of Software's
The future of processing looks to belong on Software’s “This is the END of processing as we know it” you like it or not this is the reality so we must face it and prepare for what is coming. Today there is simple and cheaper way to have the same or better on air sound results with minimum Latency for Live applications as on the current hardware dedicated processing box. One 2Core PC, one 192 KHz ASIO sound card, a software with all in one (2band AGC, multi-bands, clippers, stereo coder & RDS) at real time costs a total of about 1000US$ some spending time for setting up and you are on the air with a Clear, Loud & Hi Fi sound much better from a 15.000US$ current processing units. Of course I must admit, the latency problem of about 400ms for a live applications are still some problem but as the evolution on PC & software’s are very fast I believe at about 4years the latency may goes under of 2ms. Keep that on your mind, soon very soon all known major big brands of today processing units due the evolution plus to the strong competitiveness and plus “The attack of Chinese” to stay alive they forced to offer cheap win based programs of processing software’s. John Burnill of MBL4 says. Processing software’s are a series of programs that turn a PC with a sound card into an audio compressor/limiter suitable for radio broadcast use. The only drawback is the delay introduced by the computer between input and output. This precludes off air monitoring but as digital transmission systems become widespread with their encoding/decoding delays the delay of the computer is no longer the limiting factor. With the professional 192kHz sound cards now available it is possible to implement stereo multiplex generators and RDS/RBDS encoders in software thus saving on hardware costs. This is the END of processing as we know it? Salute XFon
The Software's below are dedicated for “Radio Broadcasting” use instead of many similar programs’ that designed only for “Studio Production”. As you already know the “On Air” processing needs are very different from a simple studio levelling.
Current Software Products	About	Links
	Breakaway One`(By Leif Claesson)` (Stand Alone) (4,5,6 or 7 bands depends from preset) multi-band Broadcast Audio processor with clipper MPX , Stereo Encoder & RDS, Composite Out, for FM, AM and all forms of Digital Broadcasting.	Details
	Orban Optimod-PCn World-class High-Performance Professional Audio Processing Software	Details
	Stereo Tool `(By Hans Van Zutphen)` Everything you dreaming are here for any needs, Fm Radio, Net Radio all in one software.	Details
Current Hardware Products	About	Links
	Orban Optimod 8700i New!! Multiple audio processing structures, pre-emphasis limiting, adj audio bandwith 15khz-20khz, 2 or 5 band DSP target zone gating AGC, stereo coder etc.	Details
	Orban Optimod 8600 FM/HD New!! Multiple audio processing structures, pre-emphasis limiting, adj audio bandwith 15khz-20khz, 2 or 5 band DSP target zone gating AGC, stereo coder etc.	Details
	Orban Optimod 8600Si New!! New Value-Priced Optimod FM	Details
	Orban Optimod 5700i New!! New Value-Priced Optimod FM	Details
	Orban Optimod 5500i New!! New Value-Priced Optimod FM	Details
	Orban Optimod Comparison Chart (PDF)	Details
	Wheatstone Vorsis Air Aura X4 New Digital Spectral Processor 31 band Fine Grain Processor, Pre-processing 5band or 3band AGC, Sweet Spot Technology, peak control via oversampled lookahead limiter or specialized clipper, over sampled distortion masked clipper Variable high pass filter and voice phase rotator, Precision FM stereo MPX generator with multiplex mask filters to protect SCA and stereo pilot.	Details
	IDT DBP7 From France AGC, Compressor/Expander 7 or 4 bands, limiter 4 bands, final limiter, APC (Advanced Peak Control), Digital Stereo Coder, Stereo Enhancer (optional) , Multiplex limiter (respect of standard ITU 412) (optional).	Details
	Solidyne 542 New From Argentina Five bands: 5 x AGC; 5 x Compressor; 5 x Limiter; 5 x Clipper-The only processor at the market that includes FM Monitor with Audio Quality Analyzer, Includes RDS / RBDS Coder.	Details
	Solidyne 562 From Argentina Expander, Gated AGC, 5bands compressors & limiters, 4bands EQ, Stereo coder. MPX processing.	Details
	Solidyne Orion 462 From Argentina. 4 band with all the same principles of 562.	Details
	Solidyne 362 From Argentina 3 band just the little sister of 262 & 462, analogue high end sound, super modulation with stereo encoder, low price.	Details
	Omnia 11 Chameleon Processing Technology, 6-band digital processor stereo encoder, etc	Details
	Omnia 9 The Breakaway Software processing by Leif Gleasson in a box ! 6-band digital processor stereo encoder, adjustable crossover, etc.	Details
	Omnia One Evolution of Onmia Fm 4-band digital processor stereo encoder, adjustable crossover, SPACE-EFX stereo enhancement.	Details
	Inovonics 719 David IV FM/HD 5-band digital processor, stereo encoder with RDS, stereo enhancement.	Details
	Inovonics 261 ;-) Processor & Leveler No Stereo encoder, HF Limiting Gated AGC, Stereo In/Outs	Details
	Audessence Alps-2 From UK Advanced AGC, Bass Enha, Stereo Enha, pre-emphasis HF limit, Brick-wall low pass 15khz. No Stereo Coder.	Details
	Warsanis 1401fm From Netherlands 4 band programmable Audio Processor, Phase Rotator Multiband clipper module.15kHz Low Pass Filter, stereo coder.	Details
	Broadcastwarehouse DSPXtra Encore New From UK AM,FM &HD Multi band look ahead limiting adaptive bass and brightness plug-ins, adjustable parametric equalizers, stereo coder, with anti aliased composite clipper.	Details
	World-Cast-Systems EX Audemat - Aztec New HQSound Processor The best audio processing for FM & Netradio	Details
	Axeltechnology Falcon VS New From Italy 5-Band Digital Audio Processor - AES/EBU and analog I/O Over XLR - Automatic audio input changeover - 2 composite outputs and 2 AUX inputs - Stereo Generator with composite Clipper - Mpx Power Control - ITU-R BS.412 - Digital RDS Encoder, 2 Dataset - Multiband AGC, Speech Detector, 3-Band EQ, Stereo Enhancer - Brilliance Control, Expander and Superbass enhancer - Usb, Serial, 4 GPIn-4 GPOut - Front headphone output - Hardware bypass	Details
	Axeltechnology Falcon 3i New From Italy 4-Band digital stereo audio processor Analog and aes/ebu input and output over XLR - 2 MPX outputs and 2 aux inputs - Stereo generator with MPX clipper - Digital RDS encoder, 2 dataset (optional) - AGC, brilliance control, speech detector, 3-band eq - USB, serial, 4 GP in - 4 GP out - Front headphone output - Hardware bypass	Details
	Axeltechnology Falcon 50 New From Italy 6 Band Processor, Bass Enhancer Digital stereo encoder+Clipper 2 Composite out, 3 band EQ MPX power control, peak limiting Digital RDS coder.	Details
	Translantech Ariane Sequel Successfully Analogue Ariane Leveler go to Digital Sequel. No stereo coder,	Details
	BW Ariane Encore New BW Ariane Leveler No stereo coder,	Details
	Aphex Compellor ®320D Analog Hi Sonic Perfomance Compressor/Leveler/Limiter Intelligent compressor action leveling and peak limiting simultaneously. The ultimate Hi Quality Level Tool with Digital IN & OUT	Details
Discontinued Products	About	Links
	Orban Optimod 8200S Too close on 8100A1/XT2 A Love and Hate Unit. Discontinued Multiband process, 2 or 5 band DSPV3.0. With stereo coder. This is the first digital fm audio processor.	/
	Orban Optimod 8400 Discontinued Multiband process, 2 or 5 band DSP. With stereo coder,222A spatial enchancer, stereo maxx.	/
	Orban Optimod 8400S Upgraded version of 8400 Discontinued Multiband process, 2 or 5 band DSP. With stereo coder,222A spatial enchancer, stereo maxx.	/
	Orban Optimod 8400HD Discontinued Parallel processing paths in one box, for curent Fm radio and for iBiquity's HD Radio, Eureka 147 or Netcasting. Multiple audio processing structures, 2 or 5 band DSP target zone gating AGC, stereo coder, 222A spatial,more than 20 presets, intelligent clipping, composite limiting.	/
	Orban Optimod 8500 Discontinued Six processing structures, 2 or 5 band DSP target zone gating AGC, stereo coder, 222A spatial, 42 new presets, intelligent clipping, composite limiting.	/
	Orban Optimod 5500 Discontinued New Value-Priced Optimod FM Coming at NAB 2010	/
	Orban Optimod 2300 The replacment of 2200 with new feature like, Parametric EQ, 222A stereo spatial, high freq enhance "half-cosine" composite limiter.	/
	Orban Optimod 5300 Discontinued Multiband process, 2 or 5 band DSP derived stereo coder, target zone gating AGC, HF enhancer, 222A spatial, composite limiting.	/
	Orban Optimod 8300 Discontinued The replacment of 8200 with new Multiband process, 2 or 5 band With stereo coder.	/
	Orban 6300 Discontinued Three processors in one, for transmission, media & studio application's, AGC, 2 or 5-band, peak limit, stereo enhancement. No stereo coder.	/
	Omnia 6EX Discontinued 6-band digital processor stereo encoder, adjustable crossover, SPACE-EFX stereo enhancement.	/
	Inovonics Omega fm Discontinued 4Band process, with triple parametric EQ, split-spectrum final limiting, multi-band leveling, stereo coder.	/
	Wheatstone Vorsis HD-P3 Discontinued The HD-P3 is the most flexible, cost effective, multi-use digital audio processor on the market today. Using the Air-chain mode, the HD-P3 can be used for FM, AM and HD broadcasts, at Production mode the unit becomes a powerful and flexible three band production processor.	/
	Orban Optimod 2200 Discontinued 2band processor, stereo encoder.	/
	Orban 222A Discontinued Only for the purists a Bob's way. Classic Stereo Spatial Enhancer No increase in FM multipath.	/
	Modulation Sciences MYB-2 Stereo Maxx Discontinued Stereo Spatial Enhancer plus diffusion. This is the first for broadcast use enhance stereo unit from early 80's with the unigue way of Mr. Eric Small.	/
	Modulation Sciences CP-803 Discontinued Composite Audio Processor First industry standard baseband processor, eliminates overshoots Does not clip the 19 kHz pilot.	/
	TCelectronic DBMax Discontinued 5 band processor, Static Stereo Enhancement, Dynamic Static Eq No stereo coder.	/
	Broadcast Technology CP4013 Discontinued Composite Audio Processor baseband processor.	/
	Broadcast Technology Ultramod fm Discontinued Ultra-transparent split band Compressor-Expander, Dual composite outputs, Composite processing, Stereo generation Constant phase low pass filters.	/
	Hnat Hindes Broadcast Technology CP-2013 Discontinued Composite Audio Processor Excellent baseband processor Designed By Steve Hnat.	/
	Tiesecci Digimod 9500 Italian replica of Orban 8200? Discontinued 6 Band Digital Processor Dynamic Bass Manager Pure Anti-Aliased clippers Built-In digital stereo encoder	/
	Aev Xtreme Discontinued 5-band digital processor digital stereo encoder. FM AM, TV versions.	/
	Aev Diamond Discontinued 3 band processor, digital stereo encoder, RDS, stereo enhancer.	/
	Aev Mirage MKII Discontinued 3 band processor, digital stereo encoder, all ajustable parameters	/
	Aev Thunder Discontinued Composite Audio Processor Excellent stereo separation Regeneration of 19 Khz pilot.	/
	Aev Luxor 3D Discontinued Stereo enhancer, Digital delay on audio material.	/
	Behringer PRO DSP9024 Discontinued Digital 6 band Compressor Limiter, Gate, Peak Limiter No stereo coder.	/
	Junger D07 From Germany Discontinued Adaptive pre-emphasis, adaptive spectral processing.	/
	Aphex Dominator II® Studio 720 & On air 722 Discontinued Analog Hi Sonic Perfomance Transmission limiter Switchable pre/de-emphasis 3 Bands Limiting, Switchable Crossover Frequencies, No srereo coder.	/
	Aphex Compellor ®320A Discontinued Analog Hi Sonic Perfomance Compressor/Leveler/Limiter Intelligent compressor action leveling and peak limiting simultaneously. The ultimate Hi Quality Level Tool.	/
	Behringer DSP1400P Discontinued 2-Band Loudness Maximizer Surroundprocessor Noise reduction system. No stereo coder.	/
	CRLsystems Amigo fm Discontinued Wide range dual-band AGC multiband limiting, stereo encoder stereo sound enhancement.	/
	TCelectronic Finalizer Discontinued Multiband Compressor Dynamic EQ, Stereo Adjust Spectral Stereo Image No srereo coder.	/
	BBE 882i & 482i Sonic Maximizer Discontinued Adaptive High Definition Dynamic HF Enhancer.	/
	Tx Techniques UK Company broke All in one box lower price. TX-FM1/S/R/A 30W Stereo FM Exciter/Transmitter with integral RDS Encoder, Stereo 5-band Audio Processor and DTMF remote.	/
	Aphex 2020 MkIII Discontinued Analog Hi Sonic Perfomance Optical Pre-Emphasis Limiter Overshoot Compensated Lowpass Filters, Baseband Spectral Purity, Multiband Compression Algorithm. Optional stereo encoder.	/
	Aphex Aural Exciter® Type III 250 Discontinued Just the first and best exciter in the world.
	Translantech Ariane The most fabulous pre-processor ever made Discontinued Multi-Band RMS Processor Control the stereo sub-carrier modulation, matrix control circuit bass Humper circuitry. No stereo coder	/
Discontinued Softwares	About	Links
	Modulation Arts MpxTool `(By Leif Claesson)` Discontinued MpxTool is a modulation monitoring suite entirely in software. It contains a reference quality Stereo Encoder and Decoder, and allows real-time playback and recording of signals. It's an invaluable tool for anyone interested in the technical side of FM broadcasting, whether regarding Audio Processing or Air-chain Calibration, work or passion	Google it
	Claesson Edwards Audio Breakaway Broadcast `(By Leif Claesson)` Discontinued The first true world-class (4,5,6 or 7 bands depends from preset) multi-band Broadcast Audio processor with Back-end clipper MPX , Stereo Encoder & RDS, Composite Out, for FM, AM and all forms of Digital Broadcasting. On-air Latency: Minimum 400ms (small buffering, high-pass defeated). Maximum 1 second (huge buffering, 30hz high pass).	Google it
	Claesson Edwards Audio Breakaway Live `(By Leif Claesson)` Discontinued Breakaway processing for studio, mastering, monitoring, multi-band processing (4,5,6 or 7 bands depends from preset) live use as an outboard pre-processor on an existing processing audio chain, and any form of digital broadcasting. Low Latency real time monitoring capable. Below 10ms with ASIO sound card.	Google it
	Orban Optimod Pc1100 Discontinued For digital broadcast or webcast No pre-emphasis, no stereo coder, Multiband AGC and compression, equalization fine tune "look-ahead" limiting over 20 factory presets, On board DSP minimizes CPU load.	Google it
	OmniaAudio Omnia A/X Discontinued Omnia A/X is 3band software multi-band audio processor, works seamlessly with Windows Media, Real, and MP3 streaming encoders to deliver significantly-improved sound quality to your audio streams. Running native on Windows PCs.	Google it
	Toshi Okada MultiMax Discontinued MultiMax is a multiband complimiter with 2bands AGC, 6 bands limiter, can be used as an outboard pre-processor on an existing processing audio chain before the final limiter in an air chain. It is a low cost way for Low Power FM stations to get the sound of the "big boys" at a fraction of the cost. Can be used for FM, AM broadcast and Web streaming.	Google it
	Hans van Zutphen StereoTool Discontinued (Winamp & VST Plug-in & Stand Alone Shareware) Stereo Tool is a Winamp plug-in that delivers professional quality audio processing - for free. Stereo enhancement, Dual-band AGC, 10-bands compressor/limiter, clipper & equalizer 4 level output limiter, Output low-and High-pass filter, FM Pre-emphasis, FM stereo encoding, FM RDS encoding.	Google it
	MBL4 Discontinued (Stand Alone & Direct X plug-in) MBL4 is a Direct X plug-in & stand alone version, a PC based multi-band processor. Development started in 2000 with the first release was in December 2001, has AGC followed by 4bands limiter	Google it
	OctiMax `(By Leif Claesson)` Discontinued (Winamp Plug-in) OctiMax (the ancient predecessor of Breakaway) is a WinAmp plug-in, 2-band AGC + 5-band compressor with multi-band limiters and individual look-head limiters, plus final limiter. The OctiMax is extremely advanced and it consistently outperforms hardware audio processors costing close to $10,000 dollars.	Google it
	AudioStocker `(By Leif Claesson)` Discontinued (Winamp Plug-in) AudioStrocker is software plug-in for Winamp a Multi-band Compressor, 3bands, Limiter. AudioStrocker is the father of OctiMax, `StreamPro` and recently Breakaway all by Leif Cleasson. AudioStrocker was released at 1998 before MBL4, now is obsolete and comes as a free.	Google it
	Alessandro Tomassini Sound Solution DSP Discontinued (Winamp Plug-in) Sound Solution DSP Audio Broadcast Processor is a free software plug-in for Winamp, features Multiband Compressor-Expander-Limiter, Gated AGC, Stereo expander, Dual band output limiter, compressor, clipper, Bass Equalizer, Built in preemphasis 50-75uS generator and low pass filter.	Google it

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